Pro-poor growth and development - ODI Briefing Papers 33 - Briefing papers
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چکیده
• Economic growth is usually necessary for poverty reduction, but is far from sufficient • Poverty reduction through growth depends on access to markets • Blueprints for growth and poverty reduction do not exist – each country needs detailed and specific analysis The pursuit of pro-poor growth – sometimes called ‘shared’ or ‘inclusive’ growth – has been central to development thinking and practice in the 2000s. It reflects two concerns that emerged in the 1990s: one, that rates of growth in developing countries had to increase if they were ever to narrow the gap with the industrialised countries; and two, that poverty had to be reduced – a goal given concrete expression in the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs). A lively debate has ensued over the definition of pro-poor growth. Growth is clearly pro-poor when it raises the incomes of the poor. There is less clarity on how much the income of the poor needs to rise for growth to be defined as propoor, and how this increase should be measured. These are issues of considerable debate. Some favour a relative measure, which states that growth is only pro-poor when the incomes of the poor rise faster than those of the betteroff. Others argue for an absolute measure, looking only at whether the economic conditions of the poor are improving. A more demanding absolute measure is that the poor should see their incomes rising at a substantial rate – for example by enough to hit the first MDG target, which aims to halve the proportion of persons living in poverty between 1990 and 2015. This Briefing Paper provides an introduction to pro-poor growth. It reviews the concepts of growth, poverty reduction, inequality, and democracy and accountability in the pro-poor growth context. It also discusses the policy implications of a pro-poor growth approach and tools that can be used to direct such strategies.
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